People And Organisational Development

People And Organisational Development This paper deals with the various problems organizations face while implementing change. It looks at change both from the organizational point of view and the individuals perspective focusing more on the latter. It considers the various process and models involved in change management. The paper compromises gists of a case studies which is attached as an appendice. Finally the paper concludes by pointing out the drawbacks and offering suitable suggestions for the organization undergoing change taking into account the short term and long term benefits. NOTE: Case study summarized in appendix 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CCC- Coxs Container Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BBC- Byfields Business College Introduction Change is a continuous process which every organization or individual undergoes at some point. Defining change management is sometimes a very complicated process. To find the exact definition to fit the purpose underpins the professionalism of the organization. Voropajev (1998) states change management as an integral process related to all internal and external factors in projects, influencing project changes. It also involves identification of possible changes already occurred and coordinated changes across the entire project. (Appendix) write out the 6 points in Voropajev BNET Business Dictionary best describes it by keeping it simple and states it as â€Å"the coordination of a structured period of transition from situation A to situation B in order to achieve lasting change within an organization.† To make it simpler we can describe it as the changes organizations perform to realize benefits or to develop a profit making business. Change is the requirement for competitive success. Change is not a simple process done overnight, it requires thoughtful planning and implementation and should involve consultation and involvement of all the people (stakeholders, employees, consumers) who are going to be affected by the change. Change management faces both internal, external factors and approaches related to projects. Hence managing change is a very important. Change is not a single action or initiative. It involves various theories underpinned by Cameron Green (2004) such as Organizational change Team Change Individual change Cultural change The core objective to be put forward is whether the organization is entitled for benefits due to the changes suggested and the dis-benefits the organization will face if the changes are not initiated. Change needs to be measurable, realistic and achievable for it to have an impact on the organization and individual. Burnes (2009) identified the two dominant managing change approaches as identifying the strengths and weakness of organizations, and situations they are designed to address. But even by applying this does not cover problems organizations face. Burnes (2009) also states that both planned and emergent changes have benefits both practically and theoretically but they neglect other approaches. So a framework built to fit change is a better option and making it flexible for future changes goes even further. The ADKAR model (Appendix) proposed by porsci () acts as a useful tool and when realized in a sequence of steps helps individuals and organizations to manage successful change. Many organizations used this to good effect and Jeff Hiatt (1998,2006) developed it further and prioritized on individuals when achieving change successful. Reasons for Changes Problems facing Coxs Container Company (CCC) Nearing retirement of Founder Managing Director High Market Competition Reduced margins Erica Wilson survey entirely on her own Fear of job cuts No training Change not consulted with employees Cultural issues Non co-operation of manager employees Addition of new consultant Lack of communication between top management employees 2/3 staff work in the production department Are people ready to change? What is the best strategy for change? What is the best leadership style Vermeulen (1997) Resistance to change We (human beings) have always constituted to the major share of resistance to change. The bulk of scientific evidence suggests that the more the individual is enabled to exercise control over his/her task and relates his efforts to his fellows it is lot more likely to gain a positive commitment. Paton James (2008) This shows a basis of a democratic government. A fair amount of disagreement and resistant is often seen in change because it is disruptive and stressful. Kotter and Schlesinger (1979) suggested four ways why people resist change Parochial or narrow-minded self-interest Misunderstanding Low tolerance to change Different assessments of the situation People tend to posses fixed ideas and follow certain rules which have worked well for them in the past. But due to advancement in technology, science and trends different organizations tend to be updated with the latest advancement which requires changes or perhaps even re-organising the way they work. Organizational personnels not adapting to this change face the 4 change resistance stated above by Kotter and Schlesinger. But the leader has to assess the situation before implementing the new changes. BBC CCC (Appendix) both dont indicate the assessment being carried out taking all stakeholders involved in the change. Who Performs the Change? A highly debated question is that not many people like change and the people making the decisions come in the firing line if it backfires. Habits are part of every persons life but is counterproductive when it deals with change. Change process or change curve evolves through number of mental phases. Denial Frustration Negotiating or bargaining Depression Acceptance Experimentation Discovery of delight Intergration Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006) Leaders or managers are the people who initiate the change. As mentioned earlier by Cameron Green (2004) the various changes taking place usually the initiator plays a huge part. At BBCs (Appendix) the director forced changes which affected the work environment and a lot of resistance from employees was portrayed but it invariablelly brought down the performance. Two rather contrasting points to put forward both in BBC CCC the individuals accepted change and the individual repelled changes respectively. John l Thompson 73 Role of Leader in Change Management Leaders seem to infer the phrase change management as means of getting the organization to perform what they want. Cramm (2003) in her research article stress that this only affects the people. This could only lead to the lack of the vision not being migrated from the head of the leader to the hands of the employee. Even strategic planning can go to the drain if there is lack in vision. VISION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  STRATEGY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IMPLEMENTATION Leaders need not possess single recommended style. Thompson (1997) Some are autocratic others democratic in the way they make their decisions. Each relies on different strengths such as planning and analyzing, some are intuitive and visionary. What exactly we need of leaders is going up to people and involving them as part of the process. Gaining Inputs Stakeholder views Likes Dislikes Cramm (2003) states that â€Å"true spirit of change management is enabling all employees to express and apply their knowledge in a way that benefits each of them and the organization.† Burnes (2009) also emphasis that employee empowerment as crucial to successful change, especially when there is attitude and culture involved. For this in turn leads us to motivation being an important criterion. He further compared three theories in order to understand employee involvement. Depth of Intervention Cognitive Dissonance Psychological Contract Burnes (2009) There are a few key aspects to be considered by leaders or managers who take on challenge of change. Recognizing group consent a major influence on willingness to change Convey and emphasize two trust Training a part of building process Allowing enough time for change Encourage people to adopt basic idea to fit the real world and them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vermulen (1997) et al. Deal Kennedy (1988) The employees have to be convinced that this change is going to benefit them and is done taking into account the best interest of the organization and the employees. Fragmented leadership is a huge cause of outputs being brought down. There always is a need for a well structured plan to achieve transformation. Carr Littman (1990, p. 195) et al. Vermulen (1997) identified nine steps needed for successful cultural transformation process. Planning for cultural change Assessing the current state of quality culture Training managers and the workforce Management adopting and modeling the new behavior Making organizational and regulation changes that support quality action Redesign individual performance appraisal and monetary reward systems to reflect the principles of total quality management Changing budget practices Rewarding positive changes Using communication tools to reinforce TQM principles Hence the leader has to pay extensive attention to cultural change since it is a sensitive issue. Diagnosing and analyzing the organizations character will provide assessment of the strength and weakness. This can be further built upon. This makes the implementation a easier procedure to be carried out. Managing the Individual Culture Changing organizational structure can be done rather quickly but the cultural change is a long process and consumes time. Kanter (1992) et al Burnes (2009) The fact that many people or even teams are repulsive towards the word change is that they are worried if their individual roles and responsibilities would be affected. People are more suited towards performing actions which they are familiar with. Hence Cameron Green (2004) stress the fact that managing the individual and people within the organization is an important criteria. Thompson (1997) states that if culture and power is overlooked, implementation may not be possible. Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006) state that change management is more about the people and higher efficiency does not come from working harder but from within. Higher efficiency comes from motivation, complete understanding for the entire process and self worth. This has to be focused on a large scale if the company is to improve. The strategic leader plays an important part in the culture of the organization. Attitudes and behavior of employees are affected as well as willingness to accept responsibilities and taking measured risks due to these changes. The culture of an organization is associated to the personality of the individual. Culture and communication cannot be separated and for this to be put in place common assumptions have to be made. Catwright et al Mullins (2005) sees culture as a system of management authority and states three ways employees react. They identify themselves with their organization accept its rules when it is the right thing to do. Internalize the organisations values when they believe they are right and They motivated to achieve the organization objectives Catwright et al Mullins (2005) There are many types of cultures seen in organizations which are cited in Mullins (2005) pg 892 893). But person culture plays as a huge part usually. It sometimes could be people getting together to agreeing with a certain system like the one of sharing cakes on Fridays at BBC. This atmosphere has worked well and has not hindered their success. But forced changes made by the new management has affected the working and led to inefficiencies. Every organization has its own unique culture and large organization posses a mix or cultures. Different people like working in different environments and they get more satisfied and this makes them happy which reflects on their performance. But Dean Kennedy et al Burnes (2005) categorise corporate cultures bearing two factors The degree of risk associated with the organisations activities and The speed at which organizations and their employees receive feedback on the success of decisions or strategies. Change Factors Free market competition is a driving source for organizations and individuals to innovate and change Communication communication strategy Involving people who are going to be directly affected by the changes is crucial and setting up a communication strategy is vital. This has immense effect on reducing the uncertainty people face and assures them of their involvement. By implementing this particular procedure the employees are draw into discussions and gives them the right to debate about the changes. This discussion can convince them why the change is needed rather than just being told to do changes which they really dont know why is being suggested. This can reduce anger, frustration etc being cultivated. This is best described in a mini case study cited in Burnes (2009) where the trade union convenor for NHS had problems with the top managements way of implementing change. Change was not consulted but ordered. This de-motivated the entire department and lack of staff support was evident. The situation seemed not like changing until the new chief executive taking the post on the very first day saw the problem and went to the head of the union. This was a huge step forward since it gave the union head and its employees the assurance of their involvement and them being heard out. This resulted in changes not being possible previously were possible now. It required only a little bit of courtesy and thought to initiate this step. This small win was a big step forward which contributed heavily to the change process. 500 words Management Union Meetings Having management union meetings to address the problems facing the organization and the drop in operational quality is needed. The fact that none of the changes have been discussed with the union is seen as a drawback. The management and the employees can come to mutual agreements and speak over conflicts which are hindering the changes from not being employed. Perhaps suggesting a few compensations to employees might work in favour of the management. Corbett (1994) Drawbacks of Change To every positive there is a negative. If change is not realized tendency to rely on a particular area is too strong and critical factor needed for success will not be built upon. In this every changing world change is the essence for success. Case study at McDonalds Thompson (1997) the smallest change such as change in menu also affects the people involved in making the food since they are accustomed to making the same previous menu. The motivation and moral is suppressed due to this change which will affect quality and time initially. But the organization is going to benefit so this change has to be realized. Forced change and accepted change are two changes which are not discussed often. Case Study Wave management Since over 2/3 of the companys employees work in production department and the fact that they have been working for the past 10 years, managing them to adapt to the changes is critical. Two main steps to put down are Involvement of employees in changes Finding ways to manage them Ezzamel, Green, Lilley Willmott (1995) state that organizations should be leaner, creative and adaptive. Bureaucracy hierarchical control have a lot of drawbacks. Having a network with a shared culture will make the employees committed to the core values of the organization which will bring down the cumbersome hierarchy and its cost. This is needed since there seems to be a vacuum when it comes to confrontation between top management and employees. This new wave management can lead to lot of future emphasis such as Problem-solve through participation Facilitate employee self-discipline Effectively develop HR Flexibly appreciate contingency ambiguity Ezzamel et al. (1995) Ezzamel et al. (1995) also state that managers are not required enforcing rules to control workforce. But this could lead to some problems with respect to disciplinary and motivation. Having cross-functional managers is a way to bring the top management and employees closer. This will bring self disciple as well as a constant monitoring process together which will benefit the organization. This eradicates functional specialism and boundary wjich are seen as obstacles for project management. Strategic management The steps mentioned below is probably the basic best process in achieving change. Planning to achieve the desired output needs a strategy to be implemented. Morgans (1986) et al. Burnes (2009) organizational metaphors 8 point description is good but many people rather prefer Johnsons Scholes (1993) et al. Some problems cannot be solved but only managed and adding value helps to manage change. Values such as awareness, responsibility, teamwork, tolerance and teamwork are supreme just as flexibility and change readiness. Specify time line Specifying the time line for the change to take place is often neglected by organizations. As seen from CCC or BBC case study (Appendix) there is no mention of time frame which does not help to achieve short term or long term wins. This could sometimes weaken the change process and become barriers for change management. Drawing time lines analyzing time lines are crucial to planning and implementation process. 500 words Remedies Motivation Engaging people Ways to make them understand (Educate Regulate them of the situation) Stats (projections) Positive attitude we are not victims, dont take it personal, global competition Get out of a comfort zone loss or opportunities Be a better player you fail company fails Re tool and re invent yourself einstien slogan Ask better questions + attitude Poor planning involve team communicate Dont see the point why will they want to change If ROI is not there then no company will be happy Motivation Manage change Setting Exampes Managing change is an important ingredient to achieving change. It is the responsibility of the management and many organizations fail to do so. There is no point blaming the workers. McCormic () states that effectively dealing with emotional response to change as a key criteria. Managers have their reasons to resist change. This may be due to the fact that they might feel that the change is not going to have effects or lack of trust in the management. Possible solution Top management needs to consider solutions from managers and them in turn from workers. People disagreeing must not be beaten down for their expressions. Top management must review the suggestions and analyze there is enough funds (Executive Sponsorship) to carry out the process if agreed. Open communication two way and honest opinions must be given Expectations must be robust and everyone must be aware of the change. Reporting system must be initiated on mutual grounds. By implementing these steps most managers will tend to be won over by the management and the employees will follow suit. Cultural effects on TQM Culture plays an important part in an organization involving every individual contributing to it and helps change over a period of time. Management plays the most important roles in achieving this transformation. Vermulen (1997) Vermulen (1997) identifies companys culture as major issue hindering TQM and change. Companies through is policies and day to day actions usually send signals defining what is important and proper which in turn helps employees act accordingly. If an audit could be carried out like questionnaires, personal interviews etc this can assess the situation and a feedback system would be created which helps gain commitment and awareness of the present situation. Vermulen (1997) states management must accept and follow accordingly even though there might be differences more than conformance. But what this does in the CCCs situation is that since 2/3 of the company employees work in the same department and are of similar cultural background. This is not always the solution. What effects change can bring STUDENT ID : 469131Page 8

The Destructive Growth of Alcoholism in America

Drinking alcohol has become a past-time for teenagers and adults during weekends. People drink to relax, feel more confident or to forget temporarily any worries that they currently have. Everyone knows that alcohol in moderation do not harm one's body or society at large. The problem lies when drinking becomes uncontrollable and excessive. The social, health and mortality problems associated with alcohol have been perceived as early as 1920's, which was when the Temperance Movement started.The consumption of alcohol began in 1600-1700. People drank alcohol because they had no other alternative. The milk was unpasteurized and the water was unsanitary. In addition, the price of tea and coffee did not fit the budget of most people. According to the article What in American's history could lead to prohibition, â€Å"the average American was drinking 7 gallons of pure alcohol. † During the early years of the American colony, drunkenness was not viewed as offensive.The History of A lcohol article enumerated how people in the colonies â€Å"showed little concern over drunkenness, [in fact] spirituous liquors had become the greatest factors in colonial commerce. † Later on, the demand for alcohol created Saloons where people could drink and take part in different form of vices. The History of Alcohol article stated that â€Å"[i]t was not uncommon to find one saloon for every 150 or 200 Americans, including those who did not drink.Hard-pressed to earn profits, saloon keepers sometimes introduced vices such as gambling and prostitution into their establishments in an attempt to earn profits. † However, people soon realized that alcohol drinkers acted differently and far worse after they have consumed liquor. Prohibition or temperance, which simply meant a â€Å"reduction or elimination of the use of alcoholic beverages,† was enacted to combat these â€Å"social ills† that were developing due to the effects of alcohol.Hence, according t o the History of Alcohol, â€Å"[i]n 1920 America saw prohibition in an effort to prevent the social problems caused by alcohol abuse. † Thornton, an economics professor, expressed that during 1920-1933, â€Å"national prohibition of alcohol [in the US was a] ‘noble experiment'- undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. † Supporters of the Temperance Movement firmly believed that alcohol had â€Å" addictive properties.† In addition, the History of Alcohol stated that â€Å"the Temperance movement swept across the United States preaching that alcohol was immoral and destroyed family life. † The same article also says that the benevolent intentions of the Temperance Movement finally materialized when the government included the ban on alcohol in the 18th Amendment, which took away the business licenses of â€Å"brewers, distill ers, vintners, and the wholesale and retail sellers,† of the Constitution. Despite genuine concern about the negative effects of alcohol, liquor cannot be eliminated from the market.The History of Alcohol states that people started to bootleg alcohol from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean- since Americans were prohibited from producing liquor- to cater to their growing customers. Organized crime was established to meet the increasing demand of the public for the prohibited product. According to the What in American's history could lead to prohibition article, the illegal nature of alcohol led â€Å"criminal organizations [to] resort to real crimes in defense of sales territories, brand names, and labor contracts. †Eventually, the government realized that their efforts only increased the reliance on alcohol and made the social ills imposed by it more severe. Therefore, they repealed prohibition in 1933. Even though the Temperance Movement was dissolved, the criminal group s that were formed out of it still remained intact. These groups â€Å"branched out into narcotics, gambling, prostitution, loan sharking and extortion, concerns they still control today,† according to The History of Alcohol article. Moreover, societal problems incurred from alcohol also affect family dynamics.Parents who constantly drink might end up spending more time outside the house and neglect their responsibilities to their children and spouse. Thus, the article entitled Scientific Facts on Alcohol brought up the point that â€Å"[d]rinking can impair how a person performs as a parent, [and] a partner as well. † Likewise, the Scientific Facts on Alcoholic indicated that â€Å"[t]he financial costs of alcohol purchase†¦ can leave other family members destitute. † This is because parents may end up using their salary to sustain their habit to the extent that their children become hungry in the process.Children of alcoholics may not be adequately taken care of as well because their basic needs, such as clothing and shelter, are not provided for because indulgence in the habit makes their parents lose focus on what is important in their lives. The detrimental effects of alcohol become exacerbated to the point that it manifests itself in physical violence or abuse towards other people. A relationship might be jeopardized because the man, as is usually the case, beats up his wife or girlfriend after consuming immense amount of liquor. The wife or girlfriend has a toleration limit in allowing this kind of dismal treatment.After awhile, she is bound to leave him if the behavior does not stop or improve. Information contained in the Alcohol and Women article provided by Loyola Marymount University states that â€Å"57% of female victims [experience] intimate violence (i. e. , current or former spouses, boyfriends, etc. ) [and] reported that the offender had been drinking at the time of the offense. [While] 62% of female victims of alco hol-related violence reported experiencing some form of injury. † Unfortunately, these victimized women have a high likelihood of sticking by their man.As a result, they may end up drinking as well to deal with the abuse that they experience. Furthermore, the article entitled Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression notes that aggressive behavior of alcohol drinkers’ result in â€Å"86 percent of homicide offenders, 37 percent of assault offenders, 60 percent of sexual offenders, up to 57 percent of men and 27 percent of women involved in marital violence, and 13 percent of child abusers. † Excessive alcohol drinkers engage in such actions because according to the Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression article, alcohol has been known toweake[n] brain mechanisms that normally restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression. By impairing information processing, alcohol can also lead a person to misjudge social cues, thereby overreacting to a perceived threat. Simultaneously, a narrowing of attention may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the future risks of acting on an immediate violent impulse. Besides aggressive behavior that is exhibited due to the lessening of inhibition, ease of interaction amongst a group of people also ensues.Thus, men usually drink with acquaintances or colleagues at work to develop rapport and comradeship. Hence, the Alcohol and the Workplace article indicate that â€Å"[s]tudies of male-dominated occupations have described heavy drinking cultures in which workers use drinking to build solidarity and show conformity to the group. † On the contrary, alcohol can be harmful in the workplace when an individual's job performance suffers. Limitless alcohol consumption can result in people suffering from a hangover the following day, which affects and hampers concentration, memory and motor skill.Thus, the Alcohol and the Workplace article state that hangover has a positive correlation between â€Å"the frequ ency of feeling sick at work, sleeping on the job, and having problems with job tasks or co-workers. † The same article also mentions that productivity losses are attributed to alcohol. Performance at work may be affected both by the volume and pattern of drinking. Co-workers perceive that heavy drinkers have lower performance, problems in personal relationships and lack of self-direction, though drinkers themselves do not necessarily perceive effects on their work performance.In addition, the aforementioned article also explains that There is ample evidence that people with alcohol dependence and drinking problems are on sick leave more frequently than other employees, with a significant cost to employees, employers, and social security systems†¦. Therefore, constant and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect work performance. Persistent pattern of alcohol drinking becomes a problem because it does not enable the employee to finish tasks, has a drastic effec t on one's output at work and will hurt the company in the long-run if an employee repeatedly accumulates absences.Nevertheless, the negative impact of alcohol on someone’s means of livelihood is still not enough to detract people from taking it. Writer Caroline Ryan of BBC News says that the reason being is alcohol triggers the internal composition of our body. Alcohol releases dopamine which â€Å"which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the production of the brain's natural painkiller – endorphin – which scientists think could be the means by which the brain becomes trained to crave†¦. Scientists believe this effect is part of the development of tolerance to, and dependence on, alcohol.† Also, excessive alcohol drinking can contribute to health issues. According to Dr. Berman, alcohol can either directly or indirectly cause: cancers of the mouth, throat, liver, larynx, and esophagus; stomach ulcers and bleeding in the upper gastr ointestinal tract; pancreatitis; cirrhosis of the liver; hypertension; cardiac arrhythmias; congestive heart failure; peripheral nerve problems; increased susceptibility to infections. Nissl, author of Alcohol and Drug Problems, also indicates that â€Å"[l]ong-term heavy drinking damages the nervous system, heart, and brain.It also can lead to stomach problems, medicine interactions, sexual problems, osteoporosis†¦ † While an article entitled Alcohol Myth says that sparse drinking will still result in the â€Å"slow[ing] down [of] the heart rate, lower[ing] [of] your blood pressure, and slow[ing] [of] your breathing rate. † Also, food digestion is inhibited from fully functioning. The Alcohol and Nutrition article exhibits that alcohol interferes with the nutritional process by affecting digestion, storage, utilization, and excretion of nutrients†¦ Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules†¦Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood†¦ Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion†¦ alcohol can impair the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose. Again, the said article also explains that lack of nutrients can result in deficiencies that can lead to â€Å"severe and permanent effects on brain function.Specifically, thiamine deficiencies, often seen in alcoholics, [which] can cause severe neurological problems such as impaired movement and memory loss. † It is also a fact that mental and emotionally faculties can also be affected. According to Green Facts, anxiety, fear and depression are common problems encountered by family members of an alcoholic and the alcoholic himself. For alcoholics, the Why Do People Drin k Alcohol article discusses that alcohol intake actually causes depression since alcohol is a depressant.While feelings of a depressed person is magnified two-folds when depression medicine stays in the system at the same time that alcohol is in one’s body. Despite the health risks involve with excessive alcohol consumption, some women may still engage in the act even when they are pregnant. According to Nemours Foundation, â€Å"[i]t's estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE).† Fetal Alcohol Syndrome results in birth defects in infants that can debilitate or permanently damage one's normal capabilities and functioning. Indeed, alcohol can become toxic when there is too much of it. Infinite amount of liquor can be the cause of death for a relatively few people. This unfortunate incident is known as alcohol poisoning, also called acute alcohol intoxication. The Alcohol Myth article explains that in this specific instance, alcohol acts as a poison that attacks the body and results in death.On a lighter note, a mild form of sleep disturbance can be induced by alcohol especially among college students who usually have the notion that â€Å"alcohol is not as bad as what people claim it to be. † The Alcohol and Sleep article points out that â€Å"[t]he more one drinks, the faster the person will fall asleep, but the likelihood of sleep disturbances increases. Alcohol consumed up to 6 hours before bedtime can affect sleep patterns. † And we are all aware that lack of sleep can make a person feel easily irritated and unfocused on the tasks at hand.Also, we should not exclude the fact that financial costs can dampen one's available resources. According to Estimating the Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse article, the health cost of alcoh ol dependence behavior which include medical, alcohol abuse and dependence treatment does not come cheap. Furthermore, hospital bills and medical inconvenience does not end there. Accidents caused by drunk driving, which endanger public safety, can accrue more damages to the physical and financial well-being of a person. Also, mental irregularities can happen when an alcoholic attempts to commit suicide.According to Women and Alcohol article, â€Å"40% of alcoholic women attempted to commit suicide, compared to 8. 8% of non-alcoholic women. [While] [y]ounger women who are alcoholics are nearly twice as likely to attempt to commit suicide (50. 5%) than older women who are alcoholics (25. 5%). † Tendencies like this transpire because a person is emotionally unstable. The main reason why alcoholics turn to alcohol for comfort is to numb their feelings or to forget their problems. They fail to realize that trying to forget about their unpleasant situation is only fleeting and doe s not solve anything in the long-run.For instance, the Why Do People Drink Alcohol article explains that drinking alcohol to deal with a break up or death in one’s family â€Å"delays the healing process because the people aren’t giving themselves a chance to heal. † This is because they are not confronting their problem and letting themselves experience emotions that naturally surface in this kind of circumstance. Hence, the behavior that they are engaging in-regularly drinking loads of alcohol-does not help them at all even though they will like to think so otherwise.Thus, immense alcohol consumption may unfortunately lead to death. According to Dr. Berman, the â€Å"third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is responsible for approximately 100,000 preventable deaths per year,† is alcohol. Hence, premature death due to excessive alcohol consumption is within our ability to control and avoid from happening. Also, if death does not occur due to reckless driving, diseases that take over the body gradually-as was mentioned earlier- can also take away one's life.If an alcoholic somehow manages to stay out of harm's way, alcohol can contribute to risky behaviors like unprotected sexual activity, use of tobacco and illegal drugs. The article entitled Alcohol: An Addictive Drug tackles the fact that alcohol â€Å"is frequently the entry-level drug that leads to harder drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. † These acts that may seem â€Å"harmless†-especially to those actively taking part in the habit- cost the government money because they shoulder any expense that is brought up. This is because effective law enforcement has to be increased and strengthened via mandatory regular training to deal with misdemeanors.Also, according to Estimating the Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse article, other parts of society are involved like the â€Å"criminal justice system, social welfare administration-† just to name a few- to ensure that society is not greatly troubled by the reckless behavior that alcoholics enact. Overall, limitation and prohibition of alcohol will never be successful as demonstrated by the Temperance Movement. This is because people find ways to get around the system and defy laws that go against what they want to do with their personal lives.The key to the problems that alcohol presents is not to eliminate the source of the problem, in this case alcohol itself, but to educate young people about the adverse effects that alcohol places on them and on society as a whole. Also, tough enforcement of established laws regarding alcohol should be done. In addition, assistance should be available and given to alcoholics so that violence, alcohol craving and health issues that they have are addressed in a timely manner. Finally, people should keep in mind that alcohol does not solve anything.It only creates or increases the existing problems that one faces. Additionally, people have the power to change the glamorized notions about alcohol consumption-how it is the â€Å"in† thing to do because all the â€Å"cool† kids are doing it- and its supposed positive effects which mostly deals with a smoother social interaction with other people. The media plays a crucial role in changing this persistent view. The media should stress-via their print publication, billboard ads, television and radio programs- that the negative impact of alcohol outweighs any positive impact that may be derived from it.Also, it is essential that alcoholics are aided in finding ways to control their urges and direct it to an outlet that will be more beneficial for them. It will also be important to make people aware that proper and moderate alcohol consumption is an obligation that they should perform and abide by at all times because it is for their best interest. Hence, alcohol regulations serve people by protecting their well-being. References â€Å"Alcohol and Sleep. â₠¬  (2006). Loyola Marymount University. â€Å"Alcohol and the Nutrition. † October 1993. Alcohol Alert.22. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. â€Å"Alcohol and the Workplace. † July 1999. Alcohol Alert. 44. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. â€Å"Alcohol Myths. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. â€Å"Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression. † October 1997. Alcohol Alert. 38. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Berman, James. January 2003. â€Å"Alcohol and drug addiction†. University of Pennsylvania Health System. 29 January 2008 â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. † 2008. Nemours Foundation. 30 January 2008. â€Å"History of Alcohol. † (n. d). 30 January 2008 Nissl, Ian. 23 February 2007. â€Å"Alcohol and Drug Problems. † Peace Health. 29 January 2008. Ryan, Caroline. Why alcohol is addictive. 15 March 200 4. BBC News. 30 January 2008. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/3537387. stm â€Å"Scientific Facts on Alcohol. † (2008). Green Facts. 29 January 2008. â€Å"The History of Alcohol. † (2005). Drug-Rehabs. org 30 January 2008. Thornton, M. (1991). â€Å"Alcohol prohibition was a failure. † CATO institute. 30 January 2008. Walters, G. D. (2002).The heritability of alcohol abuse and dependence: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic research. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28(3), 557- 584. â€Å"What in American's history could lead to prohibition? † (n. d). 30 January 2008. Why Do People Drink Alcohol? (n. d) 30 January 2008. Women and Alcohol. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. Alcoholism in America I. History of Alcohol A.lack of other drink alternatives B. American Revolution C. Emergence of Saloons D. Temperance Movement 1. Definition of Temperance 2. Reasons for the movement 3. Problem with Temperance II. Personal Problem with Alcohol now A. Family problem 1. ineffective parent 2. money spent on alcohol instead B. Violence 1. between partners a. statistical information b. victimized women 2. statistics of criminal offenses C. Alcohol at the workplace 1. reason to bond especially with men 2. negative effect on work performance a. productivity b. absence D. Alcohol Cravings E. health problem 1. damages parts of the body2. slows down bodily functions 3. interferes with digestion process 4. nutritional deficiencies 5. mental health problem 6. fetal alcohol syndrome 7. alcohol poisoning 8. sleep disturbances 9. health related costs F. Accidents 1. different damages accrued 2. suicide statistical evidence G. Deaths 1. statistical evidence III. Other negative effects of alcohol A. Vices associated with alcohol B. Government expenditures Note cards page â€Å"Alcohol, like nicotine and marijuana, is frequently the entry-level drug that leads to harder drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. † †Å"Alcohol: An Addictive Drug.† (2006). Covenant Health. 30 January 2008. The nutrients from digested food are absorbed from the intestines into the blood and carried to the liver. The liver prepares nutrients either for immediate use or for storage and future use. Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules by decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas (2). Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood (3).In addition, nutritional deficiencies themselves may lead to further absorption problems. For example, folate deficiency alters the cells lining the small intestine, which in turn impairs absorption of water and nutrients including glucose, sodium, and additional folate (3). Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion†¦ Even wh en food intake is adequate, alcohol can impair the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose (glucose is the body's principal sugar)†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Alcohol and the Nutrition. † October 1993. Alcohol Alert. 22. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. â€Å"Disturbances of sleep lead to fatigue and sleepiness during the day. The more one drinks, the faster the person will fall asleep, but the likelihood of sleep disturbances increases. Alcohol consumed up to 6 hours before bedtime can affect sleep patterns, increasingthe longevity of disturbances alcohol causes in the body’s sleep cycles. † â€Å"Alcohol and Sleep. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. â€Å"Studies of male-dominated occupations have described heavy drinking cultures in which workers use drinking to build solidarity and show conformity to the group (4,5). Some male-dominated occupations therefore tend to have high rates of heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems. † â€Å"Alcohol and the Workplace. † July 1999. Alcohol Alert. 44. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Myth: â€Å"The worst thing that can happen is that I’ll pass out and have a hangover tomorrow. â€Å"The fact is that death can and does occur from drinking too much alcohol. This is known as alcohol poisoning or acute alcohol intoxication and occurs when the level of alcohol in the body acts as a poison, causing death from the drug overdose. Another way that alcohol can cause death is due to alcohol related accidents, such as drunk driving, falls, and suicide. Myth: â€Å"People pass out from drinking all the time. It’s nothing to worry about. â€Å"†¦ Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that works to slow down the heart rate, lower your blood pressure, and slow your breathing rate.Once your brain has been depressed eno ugh by the alcohol, you pass out. â€Å"Alcohol Myths. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. â€Å"Based on published studies, Roizen (3) summarized the percentages of violent offenders who were drinking at the time of the offense as follows: up to 86 percent of homicide offenders, 37 percent of assault offenders, 60 percent of sexual offenders, up to 57 percent of men and 27 percent of women involved in marital violence, and 13 percent of child abusers†¦. Direct Effects of Alcohol.Alcohol may encourage aggression or violence by disrupting normal brain function. According to the disinhibition hypothesis, for example, alcohol weakens brain mechanisms that normally restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression (5). By impairing information processing, alcohol can also lead a person to misjudge social cues, thereby overreacting to a perceived threat (6). Simultaneously, a narrowing of attention may lead to an inaccurate assessment of t he future risks of acting on an immediate violent impulse (7)† â€Å"Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression. † October 1997. Alcohol Alert. 38. 29 January 2008.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The Dangers of Alcohol Alcohol is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is responsible for approximately 100,000 preventable deaths per year†¦. alcohol abuse can cause long term problems in virtually every organ system in your body including: 4. Cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus 5. Stomach ulcers and bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract 6. Pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and liver cancer 7. Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure8. Sexual dysfunction, including loss of libido and impotence 9. Peripheral nerve problems 10. Increased susceptibility to infections Berman, James. January 2003. â€Å"Alcohol and drug addiction†. University of Pennsylvania Health System. 29 January 2008 Alcohol (wine, beer, or liquor) is the leading known preventable cause of mental and physical birth defects in the United States. When a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price — in mental and physical deficiencies — for his or her entire life.Yet many pregnant women do drink alcohol. It's estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. † 2008. Nemours Foundation. 30 January 2008. In the 1890 the Temperance movement swept across the United States preaching that alcohol was immoral and destroyed family life. This movement radically altered peoples views†¦In 1920 America saw prohibition in an effort to prevent the social problems caused by alcohol abuse. This cause d a surge in gangster brawls as gangs fought to take control of distributing alcohol on the black market†¦. However, this trend slowly started to alter as physicians started to link alcohol to a number of diseases and social problems. By the early 1900 Dr Rush documented the addictive behaviour of alcohol and in 1935 Alcoholic Anonymous was set up. â€Å"History of Alcohol. † (n. d). 30 January 2008 Alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in teenagers. People who drink alcohol are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behavior, have poor grades or job performance, use tobacco products, and experiment with illegal drugs. Long-term heavy drinking damages the liver, nervous system, heart, and brain. It also can lead to high blood pressure, stomach problems, medicine interactions, sexual problems, osteoporosis, and cancer. Nissl, Ian. 23 February 2007. â€Å"Alcohol and Drug Problems. † Peace Health. 29 January 2008. â€Å"Alcohol triggers the release of dopamine – a chemical which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the production of the brain's natural painkiller – endorphin – which scientists think could be the means by which the brain becomes trained to crave. † Ryan, Caroline. Why alcohol is addictive. 15 March 2004. BBC News. 30 January 2008. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/3537387. stm 73% reported feelings of anxiety, fear, and depression†¦ Heavy drinking at the workplace may potentially lower productivity.Sickness absences associated with harmful use of alcohol and alcohol dependence entails a substantial cost to employees and social security systems. There is ample evidence that people with alcohol dependence and problem drinkers have higher rates of sickness absence than other employees†¦. lower performance, lack of self-direction and problems in personal relations were found to be related to heavy drinking, particularly when collateral re ports were used. †¦ alcoholism has had adverse impacts on productivity in the workplace and increased absenteeism†¦.It is estimated that drinking and alcoholism have reduced labor productivity by some 10%†¦ Drinking can impair performance as a parent, as spouse or partner, and as a contributor to household functioning†¦. In many societies, drinking may be carried out primarily outside the family and the home†¦. Drinking also costs money and can impact upon resources particularly of a poor family, leaving other family members destitute. Scientific Facts on Alcohol. † (2008). Green Facts. 29 January 2008. Americans during the time of the American Revolution, for the most part showed little concern over drunkenness, and spiritous liquors had become the greatest factors in colonial commerce†¦. To expand the sale of beer, brewers expanded the number of saloons. Saloons proliferated. It was not uncommon to find one saloon for every 150 or 200 Americans, including those who did not drink. Hard-pressed to earn profits, saloonkeepers sometimes introduced vices such as gambling and prostitution into their establishments in an attempt to earn profits. Many Americans considered saloons offensive, noxious institutions†¦Prohibition in the United States was a measure designed to reduce drinking by eliminating the businesses that manufactured, distributed, and sold alcoholic beverages. The Eighteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution took away license to do business from the brewers, distillers, vintners, and the wholesale and retail sellers of alcoholic beverages†¦. The bootleggers (named after the practice adopted by travelers in the Midwest in the 1880's, who concealed liquor in their boots when trading with Indians) began by importing booze over the Mexican and Canadian borders, and from the Caribbean†¦When Prohibition was repealed in 1933, an elaborate syndicate of organized crime, built on the multi-million dollar boo tlegging industry, had survived. The American Mafia branched out into narcotics, gambling, prostitution, loan sharking and extortion, concerns they still control today. â€Å"The History of Alcohol. † (2005). Drug-Rehabs. org 30 January 2008. â€Å"National prohibition of alcohol (1920-33)–the â€Å"noble experiment†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwas undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America.The results of that experiment clearly indicate that it was a miserable failure on all counts. † Thornton, M. (1991). â€Å"Alcohol prohibition was a failure. † CATO institute. 30 January 2008. â€Å"In the 1600 and 1700's, there were very few things available to drink. One did not want to take a lot of chances with the water and the unpasteurized milk of the time. Also, coffee and tea were expensive items, which left people of the time with one alternative, a lcohol†¦.By the 1820's the average American was drinking 7 gallons of pure alcohol†¦. Criminal groups organize around the steady source of income provided by laws against victimless crimes such as consuming alcohol or drugs, gambling and prostitution. In the process of providing goods and services those criminal organizations resort to real crimes in defense of sales terrorities, brand names, and labor contracts† â€Å"What in American's history could lead to prohibition? † (n. d). 30 January 2008. â€Å"It is impossible to treat depression whilst someone is drinking as the alcohol has the opposite action to the drugs prescribed for depression and of course alcohol itself being a depressant may actually be causing the symptoms rather than treating them†¦. If people find they are frequently using alcohol to cope with stressful and worrying situations in their lives then they may need to consider finding another way of dealing with stress or to face the p roblem and deal with it rather than avoiding it.Alcohol cannot solve these problems and will always cause more problems of its own in terms of health and money etc. In situations such as bereavement or relationship break ups, it actually delays the healing process because the people aren’t giving themselves a chance to heal†¦. † Why Do People Drink Alcohol? (n. d) 30 January 2008. Suicide 3. One study showed that 40% of alcoholic women attempted to commit suicide, compared to 8. 8% of non-alcoholic women. 10 4.Younger women who are alcoholics are nearly twice as likely to attempt to commit suicide (50. 5%) than older women who are alcoholics (25. 5%). 10 Victimization13 2. 57% of female victims of intimate violence (i. e. , current or former spouses, boyfriends, etc. ) reported that the offender had been drinking at the time of the offense. 3. 62% of female victims of alcohol-related violence reported experiencing some form of injury. Women and Alcohol. (2006). Lo yola Marymount University. 30 January 2008.

Role of Women in the 1500s - 1696 Words

A woman’s roll in today’s society is just about as equal as a mans, or any other persons that I know. A woman may vote, work a â€Å"guys† job or even run or manage a company. The question is, what was a women’s roll in society in the 1500’s or later? What did a woman do in the house hold, or business? Women’s rights were not always that of a mans so how did women live back in the day of our ancestors? Those are the questions I will be getting to the bottom of. A women’s role in the world open to a new perspective in one small paper. Close your eyes and try to picture a medieval woman. I wonder, was she a woman sitting near a window, doing needlework and waiting for her lord to come home from battle? These images have been branded not only in†¦show more content†¦The private sphere included wives, mothers, family, and immediate household. The information above helps us understand why women had little access to public power but it also shows us why it was necessary for women to sometimes use other means to control their surroundings to their desired end. A point to think on is, we should not underestimate the fact that a womans self-interest may have been the driving force in her pursuit of influence (power). We also cannot assume that women were always helpless victims of society unable to affect forces that may have seemed beyond their control. In defining the private sphere, the scope of a womans self-interest included wives and mothers working to advance the interests of their spouses and children. Simply by her management of the household she allowed her spouse to leave home and give his service for the crown which in turn could supply him with prestige and power through his military endeavors. A medieval woman could be forced to use many methods, not always acceptable ones, to reach a desired outcome. The contribution of money and support through dowry, wage labor, household works, production, patro nage and hospitality, were many of the acceptable ways. The use of affection within her household gave her influence because it could directly result in loyalty to her. Wifely persuasion could be used as in the instance of convincing a spouse to donate funds toShow MoreRelatedRole of Women 1500-Present Day Essay examples1520 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Women 1500-Present Day His 104 Prof. Steven Brownson Role of Women 1500-Present Day Early portrayal of the role of women was of domestic nature, dominated my men. Influenced by religion, culture, and world events, the role of women is ever-changing. In this paper I will look at the evolution of women; their role in society from historical periodsRead MoreEquality of the Sexes: Elizabethan Era and Now (as Conveyed in Romeo and Juliet)895 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysing the role of women in the Elizabethan Era, through Shakespeare’s representation in Romeo and Juliet, and comparing them to the role of women in the 21st century, will help to demonstrate that equality of the sexes has been achieved, and come a long way in the past 400 years. Three ways in which equality of the sexes has been achieved is the role of a married, and unmarried woman, and roles of women in society. Married women’s roles have changed significantly since the late 1500s. A dowry hasRead MoreEssay Womens Rights Prehistory till 1500Ce605 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ How Women’s Roles in History are Different of Those Today Cassandra Dunseath HIS103: World Civilizations Rebekah Kennedy October 7, 2013 How Women’s Roles in History are Different of Those Today In the last three decades women’s roles in society have changed. We are now seen as more than just a pretty face that can cook, clean, and take care of our children. Throughout history, we have seen more and more of these â€Å"gender roles,† and also viewed differentlyRead MoreThe Ottoman And Mughal Empires1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Mughal Empire, there are Muslims and large populations of Hindus. Therefore, the similarity of both empires are of different religions. Another similarity is the vast empires with both of their great achievements and military. In addition, women in these empires were powerful. They were allowed to own property in both empires and also achieved many things such as charity foundations. However, these two empires are very different. The Ottoman Empire started in 1301 and ended in 1922. ThatRead MoreA Womans Role in Todays Society1381 Words   |  6 Pagessociety in the 1500s or earlier. One naturally asks what a woman in the house hold of the business. Further will probably ask rights if any women had and how did women live back then and if they had any power at all. It is these types of issues that this short essay will attempt to probe. Issues of Power and Sources As Tina Cooper puts it, it all depends on how you define power. Depending on the definition of power, it might surprise the modern observer that women before 1500 exercised much moreRead More The Traditional Culture of Asian Civilizations from 1500 to 17001200 Words   |  5 PagesAsian Civilizations from 1500 to 1700 veered towards modernity or careened back toward traditional culture? From the 16th to 18th century, the prominent Asian Civilizations were the Mughal Empire, the Ming Dynasty of China and the Edo Period of Japan. There was an obvious trend that these empires leaned toward traditional culture mainly because of political influences. Although there were also several aspects of each society such as the more important role of women in the Mughal Empire, theRead MoreDark Age of Nursing998 Words   |  4 Pages Different Era in the History of Nursing From Dark Ages to Renaissance (THE MIDDLE AGES)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the late middle Ages (1000-1500) -the crowding and poor sanitation in the monasteries nurses went into the community. During this era hospitals were built and the number of medical schools increases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between 1500 and 1860 (A.D.) -the Renaissance all affected nursing. As nursing was not valued as an intellectual endeavor it lost much of its economic support and social status. The nursingRead MoreExamples Of Gender Equality In Romeo And Juliet890 Words   |  4 PagesNow Romeo and Juliet is a classic play composed by William Shakespeare in the 1500’s. This tale is about two star-crossed lovers whose love was forbidden by their feuding families. Through the story, Shakespeare educates us on his opinion about the society of Verona, Italy and the societal expectations, beliefs, values and gender standards, behaviors for both men and women. Discrimination and inequality towards women has been around for centuries. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare displays it veryRead MoreEssay about European History692 Words   |  3 PagesEuropean History European society between the years 1500 and 1800 prove to be an interesting comparison to modern times, as can be seen in #8224;George Hupperts work, After the Black Death. Some important aspects of this particular historical society bore both similarities and differences to contemporary populous. In comparing and contrasting certain features of Hupperts analysis, the reader can better understand the growth of society in the past five hundred years . It is no questionRead MoreDivine Rebellion Anne Hutchinson1362 Words   |  6 Pageshistory the roles of society were decide by gender, men’s role was mostly the same throughout history, but the women’s role changed slowly over time. There was many women who were fighting to change their roles and one such woman is Anne Marbury Hutchinson. In â€Å"Divine Rebel† Selma R. Williams tells the story of Anne Hutchinson, who was a Puritan woman of the late 1500s, and researched informations was hard to find. There was a movement later that was called the Suffrage Movement and the women who were

Customer Relationship Management System ( Crm ) - 754 Words

From my perspective, I think it’s just amazing how companies like Target, targets its customers through an algorithm that provides them with information about each of us. A lot, of the information that they retrieve is based on our spending habits. Our spending habits along with their Customer Relationship Management System (CRM) a retailer can simply identify and targeting customer wants and needs in an entirely new way. It takes me back to buying power, how the buying power of the consumer, Consumer buying power refers to the capacity of an individual customer or a specific market to buy certain quantities of goods and services. Therefore, based on theories and algorithms obtained from consumer purchasing retailers are able to predict what type of goods, products and services to offer their customers. CRM is referred to as customer input, one-to-one solutions to customers requirements, direct online communications with customer and customer service centers that are intende d to help customers solve their issues. For example, CRM is designed to be a marketing leverage tool that is personal or in other words, it should be a tool that attracts customers on a personal level. However, when I think about the article, â€Å"How Companies Learn from Your Secrets†, my belief is that yes, it is designed to help with a company’s marketing towards a specific audience, but is it safe? Just with the notion of thinking that a company can target, identify and capture its customers isShow MoreRelatedCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Systems1982 Words   |  8 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) systems allow companies to have an integrated view of each of their customers’ relationship so they can consider the best way to service them. All departments in the company have access to the same information because the CRM software combines all legacy information that creates silos in companies into one database. Laudon and Laudon (2015, p. 362)) state that a good CRM helps companies answer critical questions such as who their most profitable customersRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) System Integration Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesand customer relationship management (CRM) system integration. System integration proves to be risk for both GlobEx and the end-user data if activity is not processed as intended. To mitigate these risks, a system analyst in addition to a program manager will be assigned to the team to ensure that the workflow will work as intended. Customer Relationship Manager GlobEx will use the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tool with the goal of attracting, acquiring, and retaining customers. TheRead MoreThe Implementation Of A Customer Relationship Management ( Crm ) System Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesimplement a system that allows for strategic consumer marketing to assist in boosting revenue. This can often be done by the implementation of a customer relationship management (CRM) system. The CRM system is a strategic marketing tool that utilizes a detailed customer database (Cannon et al., 2015, p.108). Creating a template that contains critical customer information is the initial step. Tracking customer satisfaction is the following necessary step. The final step in generating a CRM system is toRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Systems And A More Efficient Inventory System1487 Words   |  6 Pagesequipment. From the first step, there is a high level of interaction between the customer and the coordinator. This high level of customer contact allows for customization of orders, and is possible to achieve through the company’s high level of flexibility. As defined by Krajewski, Ritzman, and Malhotra, this would be considered a front office process, evident by its high level of interaction and flexibility. Within this process, there are several steps that involve nested processes. For simplicityRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) And Decision Support Systems ( Dss )1372 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies in the business world are looking for new ways to improve their performance in the market. For this they are trying to develop their customer relations and increase the quality of work which directs them to implement new systems into the company such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Decision Support Systems (DSS). This is increasing the volume of data in the organization. The increasing demand for the data led to the introduction of Business IntelligenceRead MoreCase Study : Customer Relationship Management System755 Words   |  4 Pages1. How should CRM be defined to provide a complete strategy perspective? Customer Relationship Management (CRM) can be defined as a system created to manage the relationship between the business and the consumer. The system involves various programs created by the business to engage the customers to obtain, and analysis the valuable data from the consumer interactions. The ultimate goal of any customer relationship management system to either achieve or maintain a certain level of success for aRead MoreHardware and Project Considerations When Implementing a New CRM System1638 Words   |  7 PagesImplementing A New CRM System The most effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are deliberately designed to align and enhance the strategic initiatives and programs of a given business or enterprise. They must take into account customer preferences, needs and wants as well, and strive to create a foundation of shared information and insight over time There are a myriad of studies that show how effective CRM systems are in transforming businesses and making them more customer-centric, profitableRead MoreImportance Of Crm On Today s Supply Chain Logistics Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of CRM in today’s Supply Chain Logistics Environment Clifford T. Kinnear Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Aviation Logistics and Supply Chain Management; ASCI 433, Instructor; Professor Hunt Correspondence of this paper should be addressed to Clifford T. Kinnear and Dave Hunt How to contact; kinnearc@my.erau.edu, dave.hunt@erau.edu Abstract The customer should be made an integral part of the supply chain logistics apparatus. Customers demand loyalty and a fairRead MoreJohnson1704 Words   |  7 Pagesis the world largest manufacturer of health care products. The company have developed different types of the products such as baby shampoo and sterile dressings. Johnson Johnson have a long history about the management of its operating companies as independent businesses. The management party of the company comprehend and enhance the operating company autonomy to modify the flexibility, creativity and accountability. Johnson Johnson Company and the Information Tehnology managers have developedRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management As A Philosophy1253 Words   |  6 Pages1.1 Background Customer Relationship Management as a Philosophy started in the 70s. Peter Drucker, a well-renowned management consultant, stated that The true business of every company is to make and keep customers. Today, the concept of CRM has grown in a global scale. Companies have evolved to focus products solely based on customer’s demands. Over the years, the CRM model does not limit to just being about customer centric but also to use customer profitability as a catalyst in making decisions